Japanese lacquer, or Urushi, is the purified sap of the Asian lacquer tree, which has been used for thousands of years in Japan to coat objects from crockery to furniture and buildings. When dry, the lacquer is both heat and water resistant, providing protection and strength to underlying materials: very often wood, but also bamboo, paper and leather. Pure Urushi is transparent, while the black and red lacquers most associated with Japanese lacquerware, or Shikki (漆器, lit. "Urushi utensil"), are achieved with the addition of mineral pigments. On top of this, decorative details such as Maki-e (蒔絵) “sprinkled pictures” or Raden (螺鈿) “shell inlay” may be applied.








